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Running Head: BENEFITS
OF ELECTRONIC CIGARRETTES
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Benefits
and related studies regarding electronic cigarette use
Ambar Lucia Escudero Gutierrez
Instituto Mexicano Norteamericano de Relaciones
Culturales
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BENEFITS OF ELECTRONIC
CIGARRETTES
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Content
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BENEFITS
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Abstract
The tobacco smoking industry has not
changed much since it was once consolidated; current users are looking for more
effective ways to receive their nicotine dose every day. The electronic
cigarette is a battery-powered electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDs), that looks very similar to a regular
cigarette, but lacks the combustion products that are the causes of smoking’s
damaging effects. Former smokers switching to electronic cigarettes can achieve
large heath gains, like a better physical condition. Electronic
cigarette Uusers
stated that they can help them reduce tobacco cigarette consumption or stop
smoking. This essay presents studies and their results related to the use of
electronic cigarettes and its benefits.
Keywords
Cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, nicotine addiction, smoking.,
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BENEFITS
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Introduction
Electronic cigarette use for high school
students in USA has increased from 1.5 percent in 2011 to 16.0 percent in 2015 (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2016) . Due to this
exponential increase, awareness on the dangers in using Electronic Nicotine
Delivery Systems (ENDS) should be made available to the public. During the
Convention on Tobacco Control in 2014, the World Health Organization presented
their findings and suggestions regarding the use of ENDS. The statement
describes that the main concern of the unregulated use of this devices are the
ones pertaining the use of nicotine.
Studies analyzing [GNL1] the air quality and
pollutants in rooms after high nicotine e-liquids and tobacco cigarette smoke have been released,
stating that the use of electronic cigarettes is less harmful
than tobacco smoke. in, giving the
winning hand to E-liquids[GNL2] . The pollutants in the analyzed room
pose “no significant risk” of harm to human health on a non-cancer risk
analysis, while the tobacco smoke analysis approached the risk limits for adult
exposure. (McAuley,
Hopke, Zhao, & Babaian, 2012) .[GNL3]
Currently
in Mexico, the sale of electronic cigarettes is banned according to the Ley General de Control del Tabaco (2010), under
article 16, fraction VI which states: “Comerciar, vender, distribuir, exhibir, promocionar o producir
cualquier objeto que no sea un producto del tabaco, que contenga alguno de los
elementos de la marca o cualquier tipo de diseño o señal auditiva que lo
identifique con productos del tabaco”. This
prohibits the sale of any object that is not from tobacco that identifies with
a tobacco product. Even when I could consider this article to be a legal loop[GNL4] hole,
authorities can still close electronic cigarette stores.
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Research questions
i.
Should the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration FDA
[GNL5]
ii.
Is there a substantial
risk from smoking electronic cigarettes indoors?
iii.
Should the use of
electronic cigarettes be promoted for smoking cessation?
iv.
Should electronic
cigarettes be legal in other countries apart from the United States
of America[GNL6] ?
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Literature Review
The first of the journals to review, “Tthe emerging
phenomenon of electronic cigarettes[GNL7] ”, by (Caponnetto, Campagna, Papale, Russo, & Polosa,
2012) gives
a general explanation regarding studies performed on electronic cigarettes, the
benefits, the components and more details on the emerging electronic cigarettes
phenomenon. [GNL8] There have been several studies[GNL9] regarding the
dangers in using electronic cigarettes mainly because of the contents in the contents of the liquid which
are water, glycerin, nicotine and the main concern Propylene Glycol. Propylene
Glycol has been analyzed during
substantial tests and is extensively used in multiple consumer products.;
thisThis
ingredient has also been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) to be used in a diversity of pharmaceutical
formulations (Laugesen, 2009) . Alternatively there is a common
conception that nicotine could be harmful, due to the euphoric and sedative
effects it can have on the individuals using it.
There is a benefit involving the
use of electronic cigarettes, compared to other smoking cessation devices,
., which [GNL10] is resolving the psychological needs from smokers.,
theThe
most common being[GNL11] are
handling, holding and puffing a cigarette. In my opinion, even
when there are concerns regarding the components of electronic cigarettes,
there is no comparison on the pollutants that a regular tobacco smoker
perceives when inhaling smoke from regular cigarettes compared to what an
electronic cigarette user inhales.
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For the second journal to be reviewed by (McAuley, Hopke, Zhao, & Babaian, 2012) , there are several
studies determining the effects on indoor air quality after the use of electronic cigarette vapor and
cigarettes smoke. During the studies they look for pollutants included Volatile Organic
Compound[GNL12] s, carbonyls, Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons[GNL13] , nicotine, TTobacco Specific
NA[GNL14] sNitrosamines,
and glycols in a 40 m3 room. The conclusion to the results stated that
electronic cigarettes produce very small exposure to the pollutants when
compared to the smoke from tobacco cigarettes., tTaking[GNL15] this into consideration electronic cigarette emissions pose
no apparent risk to human health. According to this journal, there are no
significant studies regarding the risks of second-hand smoke from electronic
cigarettes.
There is a study by (Flouris, et al., 2012) that shows in their
conclusions that acute passive and active vaping of electronic cigarette did
not pose any influence on the blood count from the individuals in the studies.,
Cconversely, when the same study was performed on
acute passive and active tobacco cigarette smokers there was an increase in the
secondary proteins of acute inflammatory load for at least 1 hour. After
personally analyzing the results from the study in the second journal, there is
really no significant risk to electronic cigarette bystanders.,
Ppassive
smokers are more exposed to risks and diseases when they are in the same room withas
a tobacco smoker. [GNL16]
Our third journal is from Tobacco
Control, which aims to study the nature and consequences of tobacco use
worldwide,;
tobacco's effects on population health, the economy, the environment, and
society. The study intends to measure the levels of carcinogens (carbonyls,
volatile organic compounds, nitrosamines and heavy metals) in vapor from
electronic cigarettes.
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levels of pollutants in electronic cigarettes was from 9
to 450 times lower that the ones extracted from tobacco smoke. After receiving
the conclusions from these studies, the authors state that using electronic
cigarettes could substantially reduce the exposure to pollutants delivered from
tobacco smoke.
The last journal from authors (King,
Patel, Nguyen, & Dube, 2014) [GNL18] gathers information from the 2010–2013 HealthStyles surveys
to assess electronic cigarette awareness, ever use, and current use (use within
the past 30 days) overall and by sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, income,
US region, and cigarette smoking status. Between this timeframe, the awareness
for electronic cigarette went from 40.9% to 79.7% and the current use increased
from 1.0% to 2.06%. There was also a significant increase from former cigarette
smokers, increasing from 2.5% to 9.6%. User awareness [GNL19] and the actual use of electronic cigarettes have increased in
an exponential way among adults from the US between this time periods. Although
electronic cigarette awareness has increased in US population, there should be a legislation to regulate [GNL20] the sale and consumption of these products to restrict the use
exclusively to adults only.
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Conclusions
and Implications
There have been
several studies performed and presented by multiple researchers indicating the
benefits and how using electronic cigarettes can help as another option for
smoking cessation. I find that it would be really useful to perform more
studies on how second hand smoke affects bystanders, due to the product being
advertised as the smoke coming out from the END is only vapor and should not
affect the passive smokers. Most studies were performed in a controlled
environment using multiple machine setups, but no analysis on the smoke
released by human individuals was located after extensive research. [GNL21]
In May 2016, FDA finalized a rule extending their regulatory
authority to cover all tobacco products, including vaporizers, vape pens,
hookah pens, electronic cigarettes, e-pipes, and all other ENDS. FDA now
regulates the manufacture, import, packaging, labeling, advertising, promotion,
sale, and distribution of ENDS. (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2016) . Taking this ruling
in consideration, other countries like Mexico, could make modifications in
their current laws to allow the sale and use of electronic cigarettes. as long as [GNL22] the devices have been
certified and been approved by a valid corporation that complies with the FDA
regulations and standards.
Taking in count the studies presented in the articles
referenced, electronic cigarette pose a different option for individuals that
are interested in reducing or eliminating their tobacco consumption with a
positive outcome. As a former tobacco smoker, usually smoking 40 tobacco
cigarettes per day and now an electronic cigarette user, I can vouch that it is
possible to use ENDs as a smoking cessation option. [GNL23]
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Bibliography
Benowitz,
N., Peyton , J., Havel, C., Rosik-Dulewska, C., Jablonska-Czapla, M.,
Prokopowicz, A., . . . Goniewicz, M. L. (2013). Levels of selected
carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tobacco
Control, 133-139.
Caponnetto,
P., Campagna, D., Papale, G., Russo, C., & Polosa, R. (2012). The emerging phenomenon of
electronic cigarettes. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 63-74.
Dawkins, L. (2013). Electronic
cigarettes: what are they and are they effective? Retrieved April 27,
2016, from E-Cigarette Summit, London, UK: (oral presentation):
http://e-cigarette-summit.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Summit-Presentations.pdf
Flouris, A. D., Poulianiti, K.
P., Chorti, M. S., Jamurtasb, A. Z., Kouretas, D., Koutedakisa, Y., . . .
Owolabie, E. O. (2012). Acute effects of electronic and tobacco cigarette
smoking on complete blood count. Food and Chemical Toxicology,
3600-3603.
King, B. A., Patel, R., Nguyen,
K. H., & Dube, S. R. (2014). Trends in Awareness and Use of Electronic
Cigarettes Among US Adults, 2010–2013. Nicotine and Tobacco Research,
219-227.
Laugesen, M. (2009). Ruyan®
E-cigarette Bench-top tests. Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco,
5-11.
McAuley, T. R., Hopke, P. K.,
Zhao, J., & Babaian, S. (2012). Comparison of the effects of e-cigarette
vapor and cigarette smoke on indoor air quality. Inhalation Toxicology:
International Forum for Respiratory Research, 850-857.
McQueen, A., Tower, S., &
Sumner, W. (2011). Interviews With “Vapers”: Implications for Future Research
With Electronic Cigarettes. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 860-867.
Tomar, S. L., Fox, C. H., &
Gregory, N. C. (2015). The tobacco industry’s latest threat to oral health? The
Journal of the American Dental Association, 651-653.
Trtchounian, A., Williams, M.,
& Talbot, P. (2010). Conventional and electronic cigarettes
(e-cigarettes) have different smoking characteristics. Nicotine and
Tobacco Research, 905-912.
U.S. Food and Drug
Administration. (2016, May 5). U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Retrieved from Vaporizers, E-Cigs, and other Electronic Nicotine Delivery
Systems (ENDS):
http://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/Labeling/ProductsIngredientsComponents/ucm456610.htm
[GNL1]Past tense
[GNL2]Avoid
using metaphors.
[GNL3]Just
2 sentences, it is not a paragraph
[GNL4]loophole
[GNL5]What
is this?
[GNL6]Same
comment
[GNL7]Is
it the title?
[GNL8]Reference?
[GNL9]Which
ones?
[GNL10]This
benefit
[GNL11]are
[GNL12]what
is this?
[GNL13]what
is this?
[GNL14]what
is this?
[GNL15]Put
a connector
[GNL16]Complete
the comparison
[GNL17]They
found that
[GNL18]Name
of the authors out of the parenthesis
[GNL19]Use
a synonym
[GNL20]There
are not dispositions to regulate
[GNL21]One
sentence more
[GNL22]Some
of the things they have to contemplate is that
[GNL23]Not
a complete paragraph
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